Publications
Find detailed analysis and policy recommendations in our reports and analysis.
Hybrid Warfare under International Law
This book addresses the regulation of hybrid warfare under relevant branches of international law, beginning with the law on inter-state use of force (jus ad bellum).
Firstly, the book assesses the extent to which forms of hybrid warfare comply with or violate international humanitarian law/the law of armed conflict. It then looks at law enforcement action in response to hybrid warfare, both on land and on the high seas, and addresses hybrid warfare from the perspective of international counterterrorism law.
Putting the Second REAIM Summit into Context
Abstract
The upcoming second Summit on Responsible AI in the Military Domain (REAIM) will be a platform for multistakeholder dialogue on the implications of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into military systems. Hosted in Seoul by the Republic of Korea, Singapore, the Netherlands, Kenya, and the United Kingdom on September 9-10, the Summit intends to generate ideas and political momentum towards ensuring the responsible development, deployment, and use of AI in the military domain and the establishment of relevant norms.
Rules of Engagement as Regulatory Framework for Military Artificial Intelligence
Abstract
Proper regulatory frameworks are required for the development, deployment, and use of artificial intelligence (AI) for military purposes. Any such frameworks must comply with international law. In addition, because existing international law does not provide specific guidance on military applications of AI, regulatory frameworks should support international law’s application and implementation.
Ending Armed Conflicts: Beyond Mediation
United Nations Truce Supervision Organization: Role, Relevance, Function, and Utility – Lessons for Future Peace Operations
In cooperation with the Effectiveness of Peace Operations Network, the GCSP lead a study on the role, relevance and impact of UNTSO.
Ideas Notes 2030: Strategic Reflections on the Future of UN Policing
Abstract
Since the 1960’s, UN police has provided a critical capability in the evolving tool-box of UN peace operations. UN policing, pioneered and supported in its development by UN Member States, has grown into a people-centred, field focused instrument in the service of peace. Over the years and until recently, the number of UNPOL incrementally increased allowing wider scope and greater impact.
Geopolitical Features, Common Interests and the Climate Crisis: The Case of the Arctic
Executive summary
In the 1990s an inspiring sense of a “new North” became apparent in Arcticrelated ideas and innovations that indicated the end of the Cold War period. This included arms control initiatives, cross-border cooperation and sustainability “to decrease military tension and increase political stability”, an emerging environmental awakening among peoples and societies, knowledge-building by indigenous peoples and the scientific community, and new forums for opening up discussions on regional development.
Future Elections and AI-Driven Disinformation
This paper conceptualises the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on disinformation campaigns, contrasting AI-driven operations with traditional human-operated methods. Utilising a Human Intelligence Collector Operations (HUMINT) and Offensive Cyberspace Operations (OCO) framework, the research analyses the advancements in AI technology in terms of speed, efficiency, content generation, and adaptability.
The Divide between War and Peace
Abstract
War and peace is a dichotomy that reflects humans’ desire to classify complex situations into simple and understandable concepts. Yet reality is more nuanced than the dichotomy suggests. This raises the question whether definitions of war and peace can inform a better understanding of modern competition, confrontation, and conflict – in particular of hybrid warfare and grey-zone conflict.
The South Asian Nuclear Posture: A Vicious Nuclear Arms Race
